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"It's important to learn about a vehicle before you spend money for its buy. The information in this publication may help you choose the vehicle that best meets your needs."

Ownership from a Dealer

In New York State, every automotive dealer must annals with the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). A registered dealer must obey certain state and federal laws that protect your purchase of a new or used auto, truck, or other motor vehicle, including i sold every bit "save." New vehicles are also protected past manufacturer's warranty. You can search for registered Automotive Dealers past using the "Find a DMV-regulated Business" service.

When yous buy a used vehicle, the dealer must certify, in writing, that it is "in condition and repair to render, under normal use, satisfactory and adequate service upon the public highway at the fourth dimension of commitment." The dealer certification covers the entire vehicle except items that would be obvious to the customer earlier the sale, such as torn upholstery, missing hubcaps, etc. The vehicle besides must accept all safety equipment and emissions controls required by state and federal laws for the vehicle'due south model twelvemonth.

A dealer besides must:

have the vehicle inspected earlier selling information technology to a retail client, even if the vehicle is new. The inspection must exist done within 30 days of the date of sale and before you have delivery. The dealer may accuse you the inspection fee.
provide service or repairs nether the manufacturer's warranty if the dealer is franchised by that manufacturer. Warranty service also may be available from other dealers franchised by the manufacturer.
indicate, in writing, on the bill of sale whether a vehicle sold to a retail buyer is new, used, reconstructed, rebuilt salve, or originally not manufactured to U.S. standards (see Title Branding).
provide the buyer completed odometer and damage disclosure statements:
- For motor vehicles manufactured in or after the 2011 model year that are 20 model years sometime or newer, the seller must consummate the odometer disclosure statement on the back of the title certificate. For vehicles manufactured in or before model year 2010 or a motor vehicle manufactured in or after the 2011 model year that is older than 20 model years, odometer disclosure is non required.
- The damage disclosure statement on the dorsum of the title certificate must be completed regardless of the vehicle's historic period.

Note: The DMV volition not annals or grant title to a salvaged vehicle without a completed salve disclosure statement. In improver, the DMV must examine each vehicle branded or identified past the seller equally "Rebuilt Relieve" for stolen parts before the vehicle can be registered or titled.

complete and sign an odometer disclosure statement if the vehicle was manufactured in or later the 2011 model twelvemonth and is twenty model years old or newer. This statement is on the Retail Certificate of Auction (MV-50). The buyer also must acknowledge and sign the odometer statement.
indicate on the sales contract when a passenger automobile had been used primarily equally a police automobile, taxicab, driver education or rental motorcar.

If a lien is being recorded or the dealer issued number plates, the dealer MUST handle the registration for you. The dealer may charge yous upwards to $175 for this service, plus the actual fees for the vehicle'due south Certificate of Championship (MV-999), registration, and license plates. As a client courtesy, a registered dealer may submit your completed Vehicle Registration/Title Application (MV-82) to the DMV. The dealer also may provide a temporary document of registration and, if needed, new license plates.

Buying From a Private Seller

Ane advantage of buying a vehicle from a private seller is the possibility of lower cost compared to ownership from a dealer. Still, there are disadvantages.

A private seller does not take to follow important regulations that a dealer must obey. In addition, a private seller rarely offers a warranty. If you have a complaint about the vehicle or buy, you are on your own to resolve the trouble with the seller, or in taking legal activity. You cannot file a complaint with the DMV or other consumer assistance agencies if you purchase a lacking vehicle in a individual sale.
If you purchase a vehicle eight model years old or newer, the DMV volition Non register or issue y'all a new title certificate unless the seller has completed, and you lot have signed, the damage disclosure argument on the reverse of the vehicle's Certificate of Title (MV-999) or have attached a completed damage disclosure on an Odometer and Damage Disclosure Statement (MV-103). This statement indicates whether or not the vehicle'southward new title certificate should be branded "Rebuilt Salvage" (meet Title Branding). An Odometer and Impairment Disclosure Statement (pdf) (MV-103) is bachelor at whatever motor vehicle office.
For motor vehicles manufactured in or later on the 2011 model year that are 20 model years old or newer, the seller must complete the odometer disclosure argument on the dorsum of the championship certificate. For vehicles manufactured in or before model twelvemonth 2010 or a motor vehicle manufactured in or after the 2011 model year that is older than 20 model years, odometer disclosure is not required.
The harm disclosure statement on the back of the title document must exist completed regardless of the vehicle'due south age.

IMPORTANT: THE DMV MUST EXAMINE EVERY VEHICLE IDENTIFIED As "REBUILT Salvage" FOR STOLEN PARTS BEFORE THE VEHICLE CAN Be REGISTERED OR TITLED.

Title Branding

If a vehicle has been rebuilt, originally not manufactured to U.S. standards, or reconstructed, a branding notice must exist printed in uppercase letters on the front of the New York State title certificate. A dealer must inform a customer, in writing, if a branded vehicle is existence shown or sold to a retail client. This may be a observe placed on the dealer'due south bill of sale or handed to the customer.

You lot tin can also discover a printed notice on the forepart of the title certificate if a vehicle previously had been returned to the manufacturer, its agent, or dealer because it did not conform to warranty. It also will exist printed on the title after a final conclusion of a court finding or settlement under the state's Lemon Law. This find will read:

"Of import: THIS VEHICLE WAS RETURNED TO THE MANUFACTURER OR DEALER Because IT DID Non Adjust TO ITS WARRANTY."

The brands below may be printed on a New York Country Certificate of Title (MV-999) for 1973 and newer vehicles:

REBUILT Salve/NY

A vehicle with this label has been rebuilt after being wrecked, destroyed or damaged in excess of 75 percent of its retail value at the time of loss, or originally had entered New York State nether a branded out-of-state championship. Previous branding includes Salvage, Rebuilt Salvage, Save Restored, Junk, Parts Just, Water Damage, or other clarification. The Rebuilt Salvage branding will remain on the title for as long as the vehicle exists, no matter how many improvements are made to the vehicle.

Non-USA-STD

A vehicle with this characterization was not originally manufactured in compliance with United States emissions or rubber standards, or both.

RECONSTRUCTED

A vehicle with this label has been repaired or constructed with a glider kit, just non i manufactured in two or more stages. A glider kit includes all components of a vehicle except the power train. Information technology is generally used to rebuild heavy trucks or tractors that accept been extensively damaged. Passenger cars built from custom kits are not considered reconstructed vehicles.

Reported Mileage

Vehicles manufactured in or before model twelvemonth 2010 or a motor vehicle manufactured in or afterwards the 2011 model year that is older than 20 model years are exempt from mileage disclosure.

For all other titled vehicles, the odometer mileage reported during the vehicle'south nearly contempo transfer of ownership is printed on the front of its New York State Certificate of Title (MV-999). If the odometer had passed its maximum reading at the fourth dimension of auction, the description "EXCEEDS MECHANICAL LIMITS" will be printed below the reported mileage. If the bodily mileage is unknown because the odometer is cleaved, or has been repaired or replaced, the front of the title will be printed with "Not Actual MILEAGE, WARNING ODOMETER DISCREPANCY."

Choosing a Vehicle

National Motor Vehicle Title Data System (NMVTIS) Vehicle History For Consumers at YouTube

Vehicle price is not controlled past whatsoever government agency. Take fourth dimension to choose a vehicle that meets your needs and budget. Before y'all buy a vehicle, compare prices past checking newspaper ads and visit a number of dealers and/or private sellers. Then take it for a test drive. If you are knowledgeable, examine the engine, transmission, drive axles, steering and break, brakes and electrical organization. If yous exercise non know what to look for, it may be wise to pay a professional person automotive technician to examine the vehicle.

Before you buy from a dealer, detect out about dealer or manufacturer warranties, what they cover, and for how long. Ask if the dealer performs service or subcontracts to a repair store. Exist certain all agreements, guarantees and warranties are in writing.

What to look for

Examine the vehicle in bright daylight. Expect advisedly at the trunk for signs of standoff damage or rust. Bank check the paint and vinyl tiptop, sides, or trim for signs of wear or damage. Bank check all lights, lenses and mirrors for cracks or other impairment.
Expect within the vehicle for signs of article of clothing or harm that may reduce its value, such as splits or holes in the upholstery. Make sure all seat belts are in identify, and in good working condition. Look under the rugs or mats for dampness or h2o damage, which could mean there are body leaks.
Open the trunk or rear hatch and check for leaks. Examine the spare tire, taking it out if necessary. Brand certain the jack and lug wrench are at that place.
Examine the engine compartment for signs of rusted metal around fenders, oil leaks, or excessive dirt on the engine. These can be signs of high mileage. Await at and feel condom parts such as fan belts and radiator hoses. If they are hard, croaky or too soft, they should be replaced.
Brand sure the exhaust emissions control systems are intact and working.
Start the vehicle when the engine is cold and listen to brand sure it runs smoothly when common cold. While the engine warms, cheque the dash gauges and all inside and outside lights. Make certain the heater, defrosters, air conditioner, windshield washer and wipers work properly.
If the vehicle is properly registered, yous may choose to take it for a test drive. The engine should accelerate smoothly, and the transmission should shift without hesitation, roughness or loud noises. Drive the vehicle on a straight, flat surface, and let become of the steering wheel for a moment to encounter if the front wheels follow a straight runway without pulling to either side. When braking, at that place should be no unusual noise, vibration, or pulling to either side.
Your test bulldoze should include cease-and-get driving on local streets and driving at highway speeds, over a diversity of surfaces and several hills. Note how well the vehicle runs and handles. As well, cheque to see if the engine overheats.
If you are satisfied after the test drive, have the vehicle raised on a elevator or jacks. Examine the condition of the brakes, tires, front and rear pause, frazzle system and catalytic converter. Wait for oil or fluid leaks underneath.

Taking Delivery

If you decide the vehicle is in skilful status and worth the price, be sure the seller has the proper ownership and transfer documents. Ask the seller, and examine the title certificate, for data about unsatisfied liens (bank loans, etc.). Carefully examine all documents before you pay for the vehicle. In a private auction, have the seller make out a beak of sale in addition to the ownership and sales tax documents.

Proofs of Vehicle Buying

For a new vehicle purchased from a New York State registered dealer - the proof of ownership is a Manufacturer's Certificate of Origin (MCO) and the dealer's "Certificate of Sale" (MV-50).

For a used vehicle purchased from a New York State registered dealer - the proof of ownership is the Certificate of Title (MV-999), or a transferable registration for 1972 and older models, signed over to the dealer, and the dealer's Certificate of Sale (MV-50) showing ownership transfer to you lot. The dealer must complete, and you must acknowledge past signing, the appropriate odometer and impairment disclosure statements.

For a used vehicle bought from a individual seller - the proof of ownership is the Certificate of Title (MV-999), or a transferable registration for 1972 or older models, signed over to you. The seller must complete, and y'all must acknowledge by signing, the appropriate odometer and damage disclosure statements.

Be sure the private seller completes the seller's section of the class Statement of Transaction - Sale or Gift of Motor Vehicle, Trailer, All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV), Vessel (Boat), or Snowmobile (pdf) (at NY Land Section of Taxation and Finance) (DTF-802), available at motor vehicle offices or at the DMV web site. This form certifies the buy price and determines the sales tax you must pay when registering the vehicle. If the form is non filled out by the seller, you will exist charged sales tax based on the vehicle's current off-white market value.
Before you lot accept the title document from the seller, check the front of the title for the names and addresses of lien holders. A lien indicates the electric current owner owes coin on a loan for the vehicle. If a lien is listed on the title, ask the seller to give you the proof the lien has been paid - in almost cases, it will be an official lien release from the lender. If proof is not provided, the lien holder could repossess the vehicle from you.

A motor vehicle function will not accept a title document if the advisable odometer or damage disclosure statement is not completed, or if whatsoever information on the title is altered, erased, or crossed out, including any name or signature.

If you have a business or question well-nigh the championship, registration, sales tax or proof of ownership, contact the DMV Phone call Center or any motor vehicle part before you purchase the vehicle.

Trading In or Selling Your Vehicle

Before y'all trade in or sell your former vehicle, exist sure to remove the license plates and the windshield registration sticker, which shows your plate number. This will help foreclose y'all from existence charged with parking tickets that exercise non belong to y'all.

Turn in the plates to a motor vehicle office unless yous are transferring them to a replacement vehicle. Always turn in your plates before you cancel liability insurance or earlier the insurance lapses. If y'all do not, your registration will exist suspended, and your driver license could be suspended too.

When transferring the vehicle's title document to a new owner, you lot must fill out the appropriate odometer and harm disclosure statements, and sign your name at "Seller'due south Signature." Then enter the seller's information on the sales tax grade Statement of Transaction - Auction or Gift of Motor Vehicle, Trailer, All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV), Vessel (Gunkhole), or Snowmobile (pdf) (at NY State Department of Tax and Finance) (DTF-802), available at whatsoever motor vehicle part and the DMV cyberspace site.

Department of Motor Vehicles Consumer Assistance

If you have a complaint virtually your vehicle, bring it to the attending of the dealership management right away. Keep a record of all contacts with the dealer about the vehicle and any repairs or adjustments made. Keep copies of all piece of work orders and invoices as proof of your attempts to resolve the trouble.

If you cannot resolve the problem with the dealer, write to: Bureau of Consumer and Facility Services, PO Box 2700-ESP, Albany, NY 12220-0700, or phone (518) 474-8943 between eight:30 a.m. and iv:15 p.m. weekdays.

If your complaint concerns a repair, yous must file it with the Department of Motor Vehicles within ninety days or 3,000 miles of the repair, whichever comes first. If your complaint does not autumn within its jurisdiction, DMV volition refer you to the proper bureau.

Lemon Laws

New York State'due south new and used car lemon laws provide legal remedies for consumers who buy or charter cars. If a car does non live up to the written warranty and cannot be repaired - or if it has not been repaired correctly after a reasonable number of attempts - the consumer could receive a refund or replacement auto.

For data and assistance concerning the Lemon Laws, contact:

Function of the Attorney Full general
Albany, NY 12224
Telephone: one-800-771-7755 or 1-518-474-5481
or any regional office of the Attorney Full general.

Yous may also contact:
Section of State, Division of Consumer Protection
Consumer Assistance Unit
99 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12231-0001
Telephone: 1-800-697-1220 or ane-518-474-8583.

DMV Phone call Centre Telephone NUMBERS

NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES
Mark J. F. Schroeder, Commissioner

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